diff --git a/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/src/view/project-development/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.ts b/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/src/view/project-development/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.ts
index 715bd36ff..322d76306 100644
--- a/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/src/view/project-development/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.ts
+++ b/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/src/view/project-development/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP = 48;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP = 40;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_DRAG_THRESHOLD = 5;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_TYPE_COLUMNS = 3;
+/**
+ * dependency 层内网格的列数上限。卡片是 180×128 的横向卡，6 列加层间距约 1368px，
+ * 与栏目页在 1x 下的一屏宽度同量级；再宽就会退化成需要横向滚动的超长横带。
+ */
+export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_MAX_COLUMNS = 6;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_SECTION_MIN_WIDTH = 620;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_SECTION_MIN_HEIGHT = 108;
 export const RESOURCE_CANVAS_CLUSTER_GAP = 48;
@@ -283,6 +288,12 @@ const RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN = Math.floor(
 );
 const RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_X =
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN * RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH;
+/**
+ * 层内网格按槽位宽高比确定列数：让整层的块面接近方形，避免铺成横带或竖带。
+ */
+const RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_SLOT_ASPECT =
+  RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH /
+  RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT;
 
 type PositionedResourceCanvasRect = {
   position: ProjectResourceCanvasPosition;
@@ -823,28 +834,82 @@ function sortDependencyBucket(
   );
 }
 
-function dependencyBucketHeight(
-  resourceIds: readonly string[],
-  cardSizeByResourceId: ResourceCanvasCardSizeByResourceId,
-) {
-  return resourceIds.reduce(
-    (height, resourceId, index) =>
-      height +
-      resourceCanvasCardSize(resourceId, cardSizeByResourceId).height +
-      (index === 0 ? 0 : RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP),
-    0,
+/**
+ * dependency 深度归一。落位、层带与层内网格共用同一口径，避免同一深度被当成两层。
+ */
+function normalizedDependencyDepth(depth: number) {
+  return Number.isFinite(depth) ? Math.max(0, Math.round(depth)) : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 层内网格列数：卡片数量 → 列数，让整层块面接近方形（槽位宽高比 ≈ 1.36），并按上限封顶。
+ * 它是卡片数量的纯函数，所以同一份输入重复计算稳定，也不受资源顺序影响；
+ * 1 张卡只占 1 列，2 张卡仍是 1 列（`floor(sqrt(2 × 1.36)) = 1`），
+ * 只有真正摞成长条的层（≥3 张）才会横向展开成平面。
+ */
+function dependencyLayerColumnCount(cardCount: number) {
+  return Math.min(
+    RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_MAX_COLUMNS,
+    Math.max(
+      1,
+      Math.floor(
+        Math.sqrt(cardCount * RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_SLOT_ASPECT),
+      ),
+    ),
   );
 }
 
-function dependencyColumnXByDepth(
+type DependencyLayerGrid = {
+  columns: number;
+  rows: number;
+  rowHeight: number;
+  height: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 层内网格几何。行高统一取该层最高卡，使层高只由行列数量决定、与层内顺序无关：
+ * 中位数扫描会重排层内次序，几何不能跟着变，否则簇高、簇间留白与居中偏移都会抖。
+ */
+function dependencyLayerGrid(
+  resourceIds: readonly string[],
+  cardSizeByResourceId: ResourceCanvasCardSizeByResourceId,
+): DependencyLayerGrid {
+  const columns = dependencyLayerColumnCount(resourceIds.length);
+  let rowHeight = 0;
+  for (const resourceId of resourceIds) {
+    rowHeight = Math.max(
+      rowHeight,
+      resourceCanvasCardSize(resourceId, cardSizeByResourceId).height,
+    );
+  }
+  const rows = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(resourceIds.length / columns));
+  return {
+    columns,
+    rows,
+    rowHeight,
+    height: rows * rowHeight + (rows - 1) * RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP,
+  };
+}
+
+type DependencyColumnGeometry = {
+  x: number;
+  pitch: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 每个深度的层带基址与层内列间距。`dependencyDepth` 仍是唯一横向层级权威：
+ * 层带基址只由深度决定，随深度单调递增；层内第几列由网格列数在层带内展开。
+ * 层带宽度 = 列数 × 列间距，层与层之间恒定留一个列间距。当每一层都是单列时，
+ * 层带宽度公式退化成旧值（`maxWidth + 列间距`），坐标与改动前逐值一致。
+ */
+function dependencyColumnGeometryByDepth(
   resources: readonly ResourceCanvasItem[],
   cardSizeByResourceId: ResourceCanvasCardSizeByResourceId,
+  columnCountByDepth: ReadonlyMap<number, number>,
 ) {
   const widthByDepth = new Map<number, number>();
   for (const resource of resources) {
-    const depth = Number.isFinite(resource.dependencyDepth)
-      ? Math.max(0, Math.round(resource.dependencyDepth))
-      : 0;
+    const depth = normalizedDependencyDepth(resource.dependencyDepth);
     widthByDepth.set(
       depth,
       Math.max(
@@ -853,28 +918,31 @@ function dependencyColumnXByDepth(
       ),
     );
   }
-  const xByDepth = new Map<number, number>();
-  let accumulatedWidthDelta = 0;
+  const geometryByDepth = new Map<number, DependencyColumnGeometry>();
+  let accumulatedBandWidthDelta = 0;
   for (const depth of Array.from(widthByDepth.keys()).sort(
     (left, right) => left - right,
   )) {
-    xByDepth.set(
-      depth,
-      Math.min(
+    const pitch =
+      (widthByDepth.get(depth) ?? RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH) +
+      RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP;
+    const columns = Math.max(1, columnCountByDepth.get(depth) ?? 1);
+    geometryByDepth.set(depth, {
+      x: Math.min(
         RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_X,
         Math.max(
           0,
           Math.min(depth, RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN) *
             RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH +
-            accumulatedWidthDelta,
+            accumulatedBandWidthDelta,
         ),
       ),
-    );
-    accumulatedWidthDelta +=
-      (widthByDepth.get(depth) ?? RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH) -
-      RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH;
+      pitch,
+    });
+    accumulatedBandWidthDelta +=
+      columns * pitch - RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH;
   }
-  return xByDepth;
+  return geometryByDepth;
 }
 
 function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
@@ -926,22 +994,17 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
       bucket.push(resourceId);
       resourceIdsByDepth.set(depth, bucket);
     }
+    const grids = Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) =>
+      dependencyLayerGrid(ids, cardSizeByResourceId),
+    );
     clusters.push({
       resourceIds,
       minimumDepth: component.minimumDepth,
       minimumResourceId: component.minimumResourceId,
       related: true,
       baseY: 0,
-      rowCount: Math.max(
-        1,
-        ...Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) => ids.length),
-      ),
-      height: Math.max(
-        1,
-        ...Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) =>
-          dependencyBucketHeight(ids, cardSizeByResourceId),
-        ),
-      ),
+      rowCount: Math.max(1, ...grids.map((grid) => grid.rows)),
+      height: Math.max(1, ...grids.map((grid) => grid.height)),
     });
   }
   if (isolatedResourceIds.length > 0) {
@@ -952,22 +1015,17 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
       bucket.push(resourceId);
       resourceIdsByDepth.set(depth, bucket);
     }
+    const grids = Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) =>
+      dependencyLayerGrid(ids, cardSizeByResourceId),
+    );
     clusters.push({
       resourceIds: isolatedResourceIds,
       minimumDepth: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
       minimumResourceId: isolatedResourceIds[0] ?? '',
       related: false,
       baseY: 0,
-      rowCount: Math.max(
-        1,
-        ...Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) => ids.length),
-      ),
-      height: Math.max(
-        1,
-        ...Array.from(resourceIdsByDepth.values(), (ids) =>
-          dependencyBucketHeight(ids, cardSizeByResourceId),
-        ),
-      ),
+      rowCount: Math.max(1, ...grids.map((grid) => grid.rows)),
+      height: Math.max(1, ...grids.map((grid) => grid.height)),
     });
   }
   let nextClusterY = 0;
@@ -987,6 +1045,7 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
     DependencyCluster,
     Map<number, string[]>
   >();
+  const gridByBucket = new Map<string[], DependencyLayerGrid>();
   for (const cluster of clusters) {
     const idsByDepth = new Map<number, string[]>();
     for (const resourceId of cluster.resourceIds) {
@@ -1000,17 +1059,22 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
     }
     for (const [depth, resourceIds] of idsByDepth) {
       resourceIds.sort(compareStableIdentifier);
+      const grid = dependencyLayerGrid(resourceIds, cardSizeByResourceId);
+      gridByBucket.set(resourceIds, grid);
+      // 层内 rank 用"网格行号"，同一行的相邻卡共享纵向位置，跨层中位数对齐仍然成立。
       const bucketBaseY =
         cluster.baseY +
         (cluster.related
-          ? ((cluster.rowCount - resourceIds.length) *
+          ? ((cluster.rowCount - grid.rows) *
               RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
             2
           : 0);
       resourceIds.forEach((resourceId, index) =>
         rankByResourceId.set(
           resourceId,
-          (bucketBaseY + index * RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
+          (bucketBaseY +
+            Math.floor(index / grid.columns) *
+              RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
             RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT,
         ),
       );
@@ -1055,16 +1119,20 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
             topologyForSection,
             flowSignalByFlow,
           );
+          const grid = gridByBucket.get(resourceIds)!;
+          const bucketBaseY =
+            cluster.baseY +
+            (cluster.related
+              ? ((cluster.rowCount - grid.rows) *
+                  RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
+                2
+              : 0);
           resourceIds.forEach((resourceId, index) =>
             rankByResourceId.set(
               resourceId,
-              (cluster.baseY +
-                (cluster.related
-                  ? ((cluster.rowCount - resourceIds.length) *
-                      RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
-                    2
-                  : 0) +
-                index * RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
+              (bucketBaseY +
+                Math.floor(index / grid.columns) *
+                  RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT) /
                 RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_HEIGHT,
             ),
           );
@@ -1073,9 +1141,25 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
     }
   }
 
-  const dependencyColumnPositions = dependencyColumnXByDepth(
+  // 层带宽度要按该深度上最宽的一层预留，否则宽层会侵入下一个深度的层带。
+  const layerColumnCountByDepth = new Map<number, number>();
+  for (const cluster of clusters) {
+    const idsByDepth = orderedIdsByClusterAndDepth.get(cluster)!;
+    for (const [depth, resourceIds] of idsByDepth) {
+      const normalizedDepth = normalizedDependencyDepth(depth);
+      layerColumnCountByDepth.set(
+        normalizedDepth,
+        Math.max(
+          layerColumnCountByDepth.get(normalizedDepth) ?? 1,
+          gridByBucket.get(resourceIds)!.columns,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  const columnGeometryByDepth = dependencyColumnGeometryByDepth(
     sectionResources,
     cardSizeByResourceId,
+    layerColumnCountByDepth,
   );
   const occupancy = new ResourceCanvasOccupancyIndex(
     preservedPositions,
@@ -1089,27 +1173,31 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
     for (const [depth, resourceIds] of Array.from(idsByDepth).sort(
       ([left], [right]) => left - right,
     )) {
-      const normalizedDepth = Number.isFinite(depth)
-        ? Math.max(0, Math.round(depth))
-        : 0;
-      const x =
-        dependencyColumnPositions.get(normalizedDepth) ??
-        Math.min(
+      const normalizedDepth = normalizedDependencyDepth(depth);
+      const grid = gridByBucket.get(resourceIds)!;
+      const columnGeometry = columnGeometryByDepth.get(normalizedDepth) ?? {
+        x: Math.min(
           RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_X,
           Math.min(normalizedDepth, RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN) *
             RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH,
-        );
-      const bucketHeight = dependencyBucketHeight(
-        resourceIds,
-        cardSizeByResourceId,
-      );
-      let nextY = Math.round(
+        ),
+        pitch: RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_SLOT_WIDTH,
+      };
+      const baseY = Math.round(
         cluster.baseY +
-          (cluster.related ? (cluster.height - bucketHeight) / 2 : 0),
+          (cluster.related ? (cluster.height - grid.height) / 2 : 0),
       );
-      for (const resourceId of resourceIds) {
+      resourceIds.forEach((resourceId, index) => {
         const size = resourceCanvasCardSize(resourceId, cardSizeByResourceId);
-        let y = nextY;
+        const x = Math.min(
+          RESOURCE_CANVAS_MAX_DEPENDENCY_X,
+          columnGeometry.x + (index % grid.columns) * columnGeometry.pitch,
+        );
+        let y =
+          baseY +
+          Math.floor(index / grid.columns) *
+            (grid.rowHeight + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP);
+        // 网格之外仍可能与手动坐标或饱和层带相撞，沿用既有向下找空位的回避。
         while (occupancy.overlaps(x, y, resourceId)) {
           y += size.height + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP;
         }
@@ -1122,8 +1210,7 @@ function dependencyAutomaticPositions(
         };
         positions.push(position);
         occupancy.add(position);
-        nextY = y + size.height + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP;
-      }
+      });
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/tests/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.test.ts b/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/tests/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.test.ts
index 434d2c8f6..1129408e4 100644
--- a/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/tests/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.test.ts
+++ b/apps/ai-game-creator-shell/tests/resourceCanvasLayoutModel.test.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH,
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_COLUMN_GAP,
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP,
+  RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_MAX_COLUMNS,
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP,
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_INITIAL_FIT_MAX_SCALE,
   RESOURCE_CANVAS_SECTION_ORDER,
@@ -573,14 +574,20 @@ describe('resource canvas layout model', () => {
       ]),
     ).layout;
 
-    const cycleRows = ['art:cycle-a', 'art:cycle-b']
-      .map((resourceId) => positionById(layout, resourceId).y)
-      .sort((left, right) => left - right);
-    const siblingRow = positionById(layout, 'art:sibling').y;
-    expect(cycleRows[1] - cycleRows[0]).toBe(
-      RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_HEIGHT + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP,
-    );
-    expect(siblingRow).toBeGreaterThan(cycleRows[1]);
+    const cycleA = positionById(layout, 'art:cycle-a');
+    const cycleB = positionById(layout, 'art:cycle-b');
+    const sibling = positionById(layout, 'art:sibling');
+    const dependencySlotWidth =
+      RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP;
+    const dependencySlotHeight =
+      RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_HEIGHT + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP;
+
+    // 同层 3 张卡按层内网格展开成 2 列，环成员仍占相邻两格（同排相邻列），
+    // 另一张共享该层的相关卡落在它们之后的下一行。
+    expect(cycleB.y).toBe(cycleA.y);
+    expect(cycleB.x - cycleA.x).toBe(dependencySlotWidth);
+    expect(sibling.x).toBe(cycleA.x);
+    expect(sibling.y).toBe(cycleA.y + dependencySlotHeight);
   });
 
   it('is deterministic, does not modify type placement, and avoids historical manual positions', () => {
@@ -968,3 +975,191 @@ describe('resource canvas variable card geometry', () => {
     );
   });
 });
+
+describe('resource canvas dependency layer grid', () => {
+  const dependencySlotWidth =
+    RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP;
+  const dependencySlotHeight =
+    RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_HEIGHT + RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP;
+
+  function gridResources(count: number, dependencyDepth = 0) {
+    return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) =>
+      resource(
+        `art:grid-${index.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`,
+        'scene',
+        dependencyDepth,
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function expectNoOverlappingCards(
+    layout: ReturnType<typeof reconcileResourceCanvasLayout>['layout'],
+  ) {
+    const rects = layout.positions.map((position) => ({
+      position,
+      size: DEFAULT_RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_SIZE,
+    }));
+    rects.forEach((left, index) => {
+      rects.slice(index + 1).forEach((right) => {
+        expect(
+          left.position.x <
+            right.position.x +
+              right.size.width +
+              RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP &&
+            left.position.x +
+              left.size.width +
+              RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP >
+              right.position.x &&
+            left.position.y <
+              right.position.y +
+                right.size.height +
+                RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP &&
+            left.position.y +
+              left.size.height +
+              RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_ROW_GAP >
+              right.position.y,
+        ).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  it('lays a single-depth section out as a grid plane instead of one column', () => {
+    const resources = gridResources(12);
+    const layout = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout('project-layer-grid', 'dependency'),
+      resources,
+    ).layout;
+
+    // 12 张同深度卡：4 列 × 3 行，横向展开成平面，而不是 12 张摞成一列。
+    expect(
+      Array.from(new Set(layout.positions.map((position) => position.x))),
+    ).toEqual([
+      0,
+      dependencySlotWidth,
+      2 * dependencySlotWidth,
+      3 * dependencySlotWidth,
+    ]);
+    expect(
+      Array.from(new Set(layout.positions.map((position) => position.y))),
+    ).toEqual([0, dependencySlotHeight, 2 * dependencySlotHeight]);
+    expect(layout.positions).toHaveLength(12);
+    expectNoOverlappingCards(layout);
+  });
+
+  it('is stable for repeated runs and independent of the resource input order', () => {
+    const resources = gridResources(9);
+    const layout = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout(
+        'project-layer-grid-stable',
+        'dependency',
+      ),
+      resources,
+    ).layout;
+    const repeated = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout(
+        'project-layer-grid-stable',
+        'dependency',
+      ),
+      resources,
+    ).layout;
+    const reversed = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout(
+        'project-layer-grid-stable',
+        'dependency',
+      ),
+      [...resources].reverse(),
+    ).layout;
+
+    expect(repeated.positions).toEqual(layout.positions);
+    expect(reversed.positions).toEqual(layout.positions);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps depth bands monotone and clear of the wrapped layer', () => {
+    const shallow = gridResources(9);
+    const deep = resource('art:deep', 'scene', 1);
+    const layout = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout('project-layer-band', 'dependency'),
+      [...shallow, deep],
+    ).layout;
+    const shallowPositions = shallow.map((item) =>
+      positionById(layout, item.id),
+    );
+    const deepPosition = positionById(layout, deep.id);
+
+    // 9 张同深度铺成 3 列，层带按 3 列预留；深度 1 的层带整体让开，仍随深度向右推进。
+    expect(
+      Array.from(new Set(shallowPositions.map((position) => position.x))).sort(
+        (left, right) => left - right,
+      ),
+    ).toEqual([0, dependencySlotWidth, 2 * dependencySlotWidth]);
+    expect(deepPosition.x).toBe(3 * dependencySlotWidth);
+    expect(
+      Math.max(...shallowPositions.map((position) => position.x)) +
+        RESOURCE_CANVAS_CARD_WIDTH +
+        RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_COLUMN_GAP,
+    ).toBeLessThanOrEqual(deepPosition.x);
+  });
+
+  it('caps the wrapped columns so a large layer stays readable', () => {
+    const resources = gridResources(100);
+    const layout = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout('project-layer-cap', 'dependency'),
+      resources,
+    ).layout;
+    const xValues = Array.from(
+      new Set(layout.positions.map((position) => position.x)),
+    );
+
+    // 100 张同深度卡铺成封顶的 6 列，而不是一条 100 张的超高竖带或超长横带。
+    expect(xValues).toHaveLength(RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_MAX_COLUMNS);
+    expect(xValues).toHaveLength(6);
+    expect(Math.max(...xValues)).toBe(
+      (RESOURCE_CANVAS_DEPENDENCY_LAYER_MAX_COLUMNS - 1) * dependencySlotWidth,
+    );
+    expectNoOverlappingCards(layout);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps manual coordinates identical while the automatic grid re-derives', () => {
+    const resources = gridResources(9);
+    const source = createEmptyResourceCanvasLayout(
+      'project-layer-grid-manual',
+      'dependency',
+    );
+    source.positions = [
+      {
+        resourceId: 'art:grid-00',
+        section: 'scene',
+        x: 900,
+        y: 640,
+        manuallyPlaced: true,
+      },
+    ];
+    const layout = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(source, resources).layout;
+    // 重派生路径只保留手动坐标后重算自动坐标，手动坐标必须逐项不变。
+    const redriven = reconcileResourceCanvasLayout(
+      {
+        ...layout,
+        positions: layout.positions.filter(
+          (position) => position.manuallyPlaced,
+        ),
+      },
+      resources,
+    ).layout;
+
+    expect(positionById(layout, 'art:grid-00')).toMatchObject({
+      x: 900,
+      y: 640,
+      manuallyPlaced: true,
+    });
+    expect(positionById(redriven, 'art:grid-00')).toMatchObject({
+      x: 900,
+      y: 640,
+      manuallyPlaced: true,
+    });
+    expectNoOverlappingCards(layout);
+    expectNoOverlappingCards(redriven);
+    expect(
+      redriven.positions.filter((position) => !position.manuallyPlaced),
+    ).toEqual(layout.positions.filter((position) => !position.manuallyPlaced));
+  });
+});